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三种常见的离心压缩机工况的调节方式
Time:2019-03-06 13:41:47       来源:http://www.jnkbjx.com/      

离心式紧缩机中气压的进步,是靠叶轮旋转、扩压器扩压而完成的。依据排气压力的上下,可将其分为三类:离心通风机,风压在10-15kPa范围或小于此值;离心鼓风机,风压在15~350kPa范围;离心紧缩机,风压在350kPa以上。

The progress of air pressure in centrifugal compressor is accomplished by impeller rotation and diffuser expansion. According to the exhaust pressure, it can be divided into three categories: centrifugal fan, whose air pressure is in the range of 10-15 kPa or less; centrifugal blower, whose air pressure is in the range of 15-350 kPa; centrifugal compressor, whose air pressure is above 350 kPa.
(1)出口节流调理,即在紧缩机出口装置调理阀,经过调理调理阀的开度,来改动管路性能曲线,改动紧缩机的工作点,停止流量调理。出口节流的调理办法是人为的增加出口阻力来调理流量,是不经济的办法,特别当紧缩机性能曲线较陡而且调理的流量(或者压力)又较大时,这种调理办法的缺陷更为突出,目前除了风机及小型鼓风机运用外,紧缩机很少采用这种调理办法。
(1) Outlet throttling adjustment, that is, adjusting the opening of the adjusting valve at the outlet of the compressor to change the pipeline performance curve, change the working point of the compressor and stop flow adjustment. The adjustment method of export throttling is to increase the outlet resistance artificially to regulate the flow, which is not economical. Especially when the performance curve of the compressor is steeper and the flow (or pressure) of the adjustment is larger, the shortcomings of this adjustment method are more prominent. At present, in addition to the use of fans and small blowers, this method is seldom used by the compressor.
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(2)进口节流调理,既在紧缩机进口管上装置调理阀,经过入口调理阀来调理进气压力。进气压力的降低直接影响到紧缩机排气压力,使紧缩机性能曲线下移,所以进口调理的结果实践上是改动了紧缩机的性能曲线,到达调理流量的目的。和出口节流法相比,进口节流调理的经济性较好,据有关材料引见,对某紧缩机停止测试标明:在流质变化为60~80 %的范围内,进口节流比出口节流俭省功率约为4~5%。所以这是一种比拟简单而常用的调理办法。但也还是存在一定的节流损失以及工况改动后对紧缩机自身效率有些影响。进口节流法还有个优点就是:关小进口阀,会使紧缩机性能曲线向小流量区挪动,因此可使紧缩机在更小的流量工况下工作,不易形成喘振。
(2) Import throttle conditioning, which installs a conditioning valve on the inlet pipe of the compressor and regulates the intake pressure through the inlet conditioning valve. The reduction of intake pressure directly affects the exhaust pressure of the compressor, which makes the performance curve of the compressor move down. Therefore, the result of import adjustment is to change the performance curve of the compressor in practice to achieve the purpose of regulating the flow rate. Compared with the export throttling method, the import throttling method is more economical. According to the introduction of related materials, the stop test of a compressor shows that the power of import throttling is about 4-5% less than that of export throttling in the range of 60-80% fluidity change. So this is a simple and commonly used method of conditioning. However, there are still some throttling losses and some effects on the efficiency of the compressor after the change of working conditions. The import throttling method has another advantage: closing the small import valve will move the performance curve of the compressor to the small flow area, so it can make the compressor work in a smaller flow condition, and it is not easy to form surge.
(3) 改动转速调理。当紧缩机转速改动时,其性能曲线也有相应的改动,所以可用这个办法来改动工况点,以满足消费上的调理请求。离心紧缩机的能量头近似正比于n2,所以用转速调理办法能够得到相当大的调理范围。变转速调理并不惹起其他附加损失,只是调理后的新工况点不一定是率点招致效率有些降低而已。所以从角度思索,这是一种经济的调理办法。改动转速调理法不需求改动紧缩机自身的构造,只是要思索到增加转速后转子的强度、临界转速以及轴承的寿命等问题。但是这种办法请求驱动机必需是可调速的。
(3) Change the speed adjustment. When the speed of the compressor changes, its performance curve also has corresponding changes, so this method can be used to change the operating point to meet the consumer conditioning requirements. The energy head of the centrifugal compressor is approximately proportional to n2, so a considerable range of adjustment can be obtained by adjusting the rotational speed. Variable speed conditioning does not cause additional losses, but the new working point after conditioning may not necessarily lead to some reduction in efficiency. Therefore, from the perspective of energy conservation, this is an economic conditioning method. Changing the speed adjustment method does not need to change the structure of the compressor itself, but only considers the strength of the rotor, the critical speed and the life of the bearing after increasing the speed. But this method requires that the driver must be adjustable.

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